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Developing a Social Force Model for Indoor Pedestrians Evacuation Simulation
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Ali Aryaeinezhad   , Zahra Bahramian * |
| University of Tehran |
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Abstract: (416 Views) |
Nowadays, the evacuation of the pedestrian crowd in indoor building environments poses a critical challenge for architects and safety engineers. In this study, the pedestrian evacuation from a building is simulated using a social force model (SFM). For this purpose, the simulation incorporates various factors, including the building layout (location of walls, columns, and exits), the obstacle arrangement (desks and chairs), the spatial distribution and gender of the pedestrains, as well as the mass of their bags are considered. Accordingly, the pedestrian gender—and consequently their height and body mass—as well as their bag mass, which affect their walking speed, are modeled. In addition, the evacuation process is based on the pedestrians’ decision-making to assign to the nearest exit and expanding awareness and knowledge throughout the evacuation. The research method evaluates evacuation performance based on the total evacuation time, crowd density, and pedestrians speed, using real-world data from the School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering at the University of Tehran. The results indicate that taking gender diversity, decision-making and bag load into consideration reduces the evacuation time by 26.08% compared to a homogeneous baseline model. This indicates the importance of taking gender, bag load, as well as decision-making based on pedestrian awareness into consideration in evacuation modeling to increase realism.
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| Keywords: Pedestrians Crowd Evacuation Simulation, Social Force Model, Bag, Gender, Decision-Making |
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Full-Text [PDF 1960 kb]
(47 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
GIS
Received: 2025/08/9 | Accepted: 2026/02/7 | ePublished ahead of print: 2026/02/7 | Published: 2026/04/11
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