The information of the wheat and barley cultivated areas and its yield are indispensable for sustainable management and economic policy making for these strategic food crops. Introduction of high spectral and special resolution satellite data has enabled production of such information in a timely and accurate manner. Evaluation of the spectral reflectance of plants using field spectroradiometry provides the possibility to identify and map different wheat and barley varieties especially while using hyperspectral remote sensing. Therefore, the behavior of the spectral curve corresponding to the nine varieties of wheat and five varieties of barley in a field at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj growth were measured in four sections. Measurements were carried out using ASD FieldSpec®3 spectroradiometer in the range of 350-2,500 nm under natural light and environmental conditions. In the preprocessing phase noise of steam three areas are identified and eliminated and then the quality of the data collected using statistical methods, erroneous observations were excluded. A set of 65 indices of important vegetation indices sensitive to canopy chlorophyll content, photosynthesis intensity, nitrogen and water content were employed to enhance probable differences in spectral reflectance among various wheat and barley varieties in four growth stage. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s paired test were then used to compare wheat and barley varieties. The results showed that more indices number can be observed in the third stage of the cultivars are separated from each other. This promises the possibility of accurate mapping of wheat and barley varieties cultivated areas based on hyperspectral remotely sensed data.